Comprehensive health condition assessment on partial sewers in a southern Chinese city based on fuzzy mathematic methods

A self-developed sewer health assessment system using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytical hierarchy process was applied to give a comprehensive health condition evaluation on part of the local sewers in a southern Chinese city based on the sewer video data collected by a sewer inspection closed circuit television （CCTV） robot. Aside from the overall condition evaluation, the structure, function, and stability status of the sewer were also analyzed using the method. A comprehensive index H was proposed to give the overall health condition of pipes with different defects, and Ht, Hs, and If were used to quantify the defects affecting the tightness, stability, and function of the pipe, respectively. Results show that 48% of the inspected pipes were in good condition （0〈H〈0.25）, and about 33% of the sewer pipes analyzed were categorized to be at severe or urgent condition levels （H 〉 0.5）, although most of the pipes were installed only within five years. Frequent sedimentation affects the function of the sewer, and deformation and joint damage affect the structure of the sewer.     

An extension of Multiple Greek Letter method for common cause failures modelling

Common cause failure describes a condition where several components share the same source of failure that causes them to fail or become unavailable simultaneously. The objective of this paper is to present an improved approach to common cause failure modelling within reliability analyses. The currently used methods allow one component to share common characteristics with only one group of components, which may be affected by the same source of failure. Therefore, an improved method was developed, where components can be assigned to several groups of components that are susceptible to faulty operation with respect to their similar characteristics. A mathematical derivation of the method is presented and the theory is applied to smaller theoretical samples and to a simplified real example. The results show that the new method enables a more detailed reliability analysis. The results prove that consideration of common cause failures using the improved method may decrease the system reliability compared to traditional common cause failure consideration. The system reliability decreases more, if the redundant components have more similarities and are therefore assigned to several common cause failure groups.     

大气环境质量灰色聚类关联分析法的应用研究

在讨论大气环境质量灰色聚类关联评价法的基础上,通过应用实例和与灰色聚类法及灰色关联法的比较分析,验证了这种评价法的合理性和可靠性。     

一种改进的灰关联分析法在水质评价中的应用

灰关联分析法已被广泛应用于水质评价结论的定量化,但其存在不同层次上的缺陷;为此本文对其进行了改进.先将各断面的多个污染指标分成几个低层次子集,将其元素归一化后得出相应的关联系数,通过赋予一定权重求出低层次子集的关联度,最后求出较高层次的关联度,并列出关联系数矩阵.这样可以容易地看出各断面水质属于哪个级别.此外,通过一应用实例并与现已流行的众多灰关联改进方法进行了比较,论证了这种改进方法的优越性.     

环氧乙烷生产装置的安全分析与评价

综合运用道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法,事故树分析以及事件树分析对环氧乙烷生产装置进行安全评价,定量地得出装置的危险程度,定性地分析了各危险因素的大小以及系统中各元件的故障率对事故发生概率的影响程度,并提出了改进措施.结果表明,该装置的危险程度很大,必须加强安全生产管理,采取有效措施控制氧气的浓度,从而降低危险性等级,保证生产安全.     

武汉市某区域大气颗粒物的测定与分析

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对TSP环境样品和尘源样品中的S、Si、Ti、Al、As、Ca、Pb、V等30余个元素组份进行分析并计算出各元素的含量,得到本区域大气环境TSP和污染尘源元素特征谱,并通过比较微波消解与加热消解两种方法的优劣,确定出较适应消解方法.结果表明,该区域中的A区污染源主要来自道路交通尘源和土壤尘源,B区污染源来自土壤尘源和建筑尘源.     

氯气泄漏后毒害区的估算及泄漏的处置

运用毒害区计算方法对本部贮存的氯气泄漏后扩散的半径进行估算,同时以扩散的半径作参考,提出氯气泄漏的处置方法.     

CeMn氧化物催化剂的制备及其对甲苯的催化降解性能

采用草酸沉淀法合成了铈锰 氧化物（CeMn氧化物）催化剂,在固定床反应器中考察了不同Ce-Mn摩尔比、空速对CeMn 氧化物催化剂催化降解甲苯效果的影响,通过XRD、SEM、XPS等技术表征了催化剂的理化性质。实验结果表明：当n（Ce）∶n（Mn）=1∶3时得到的Ce₁Mn₃催化剂降解甲苯的活性最佳,T₅₀=198 ℃,T₉₀=249 ℃,且Ce₁Mn₃催化剂具有较好的活性稳定性;随着空速的增加,Ce₁Mn₃催化降解甲苯的性能变差。表征结果表明：CeMn氧化物形成的Ce-Mn固溶体使CeMn氧化物表面氧空位浓度增加,加快了氧物种在催化剂内部及表面的流动传输;Ce氧化物与Mn氧化物之间的协同作用使催化剂的还原峰向低温方向偏移,CeMn氧化物展现出更优异的低温活性。     

再生水中优先控制有毒污染物的筛查方法

建立了一种适用于再生水中优先控制有毒有机污染物筛查的方法.针对样品前处理方法中的固相萃取柱的选择和洗脱剂条件等进行了优化设计,利用保留时间锁定和谱图解卷积技术分辨复杂系统中的目标污染物,并利用有毒化合物数据库进行有毒污染物甄别.结果表明,采用C18柱串联HLB柱的方法进行富集,用1:1(V/V)的正己烷/二氯甲烷混合溶剂和4:1(V/V)的二氯甲烷/甲醇混合溶剂进行分级洗脱的前处理方法,对分配系数(logKow)在1.48~6.41之间的30种化合物平均回收率在52.1%~138%之间,相对标准偏差值均<13.6%.将该方法应用于天津空港地区再生水中有毒有机污染物的筛查,2007~2008年度2次采集样品分别筛查出30种有毒有机污染物,其中有7种属于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中已列入监管范围的污染物,11种未列入排放标准监测范围.比较污水处理厂进、出水以及地表水中检出污染物,发现现有污水处理工艺对筛查出的优先有机污染物处理效果不佳.     

以化学抑制法研究污水生物处理过程中N2O的释放源

采用化学抑制法,研究了不同曝气量下污水生物处理过程中N2O的释放源.结果表明,缺氧段中, N2O的主要释放源为硝酸盐异化成氨反应,而反硝化反应消耗N2O.好氧段中N2O释放源受曝气量的影响很大,当曝气量适中时(65L/h), N2O释放源主要为硝化细菌反硝化作用;而当曝气量偏高(105L/h)或偏低(25L/h)时,同步硝化-反硝化反应是主要的N2O释放源.同时硝化细菌反硝化反应也能够产生少量N2O.